The collection contains records generated during Lester Maddox's time in office as governor and lieutenant governor of Georgia and his political campaigns in 1966 and 1974, subject files, booklets, correspondence, scrapbooks, and audio recordings. Campaign papers include letters of support, volunteer lists, agendas, district organization charts, and lists of contributors. Subject files include information on a 1963 grand jury investigation of the Atlanta Police Department in which Atlanta police officers were accused of being involved with an illegal lottery. Handwritten notes and anonymous letters from police officers describing corruption within the force are included. Other files contain information about a racially motivated riot in Augusta, Georgia, in 1970; the Pickrick Restaurant; Georgia Governor Ernest Vandiver (1918-2005); Georgia Senatorial candidate Sam Nunn (1938- ); and a 1964 report from Maddox's FBI file regarding his refusal to comply with the Civil Rights Act. The file contains letters written on his behalf by Newt Gingrich (1943- ), Paul Coverdell (1939-2000), Bob Barr (1948- ), and Max Cleland (1942-2021). Georgia county files include farm statistics, authorized construction lists, economic development profiles, and brochures. "You Ought To Know" was a political advertisement column written by Maddox that was funded by public contributions.

Scrapbooks compiled by Maddox's wife, Virginia, contain newspaper clippings and ephemera such as programs, Christmas cards, and menus. Images depict Maddox's inauguration as Governor of Georgia and the 1968 Democratic National Convention and include images of Atlanta Mayor William B. Hartsfield (1890-1971), Alabama Governor George Wallace (1919-1998), Georgia Senator Herman Talmadge (1913-2002), and entertainers such as Danny Thomas (1912-1991), Johnny Cash (1932-2003), and June Carter Cash (1929-2003). The scrapbooks highlight Virginia Maddox's role as First Lady of Georgia.

Audio recordings include a July 10, 1964 news conference where Maddox explains his resistance to the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and a series of gospel tunes sung by Maddox.